Types of Heating Oil: A Guide to Your Options
Heating oil is a popular fuel source used primarily in residential and commercial heating systems, particularly in colder climates. It is known for its efficiency and ability to produce substantial heat. However, not all heating oil is the same. Understanding the various types of heating oil can help consumers make informed decisions about which type best suits their heating needs. Below is an overview of the most common types of heating oil.
1. No. 2 Heating Oil (Home Heating Oil)
No. 2 heating oil is the most commonly used type for residential heating. It is a distillate fuel similar in composition to diesel fuel and is used in oil-fired furnaces and boilers. It burns cleanly, is relatively efficient, and is widely available in North America and Europe. Because of its widespread use, No. 2 heating oil is often simply referred to as home heating oil.
No. 2 oil must meet specific standards for sulfur content and combustion quality. In many regions, ultra-low sulfur heating oil (ULSHO), which contains 15 parts per million (ppm) of sulfur or less, has become the standard. ULSHO offers environmental benefits, reducing sulfur dioxide emissions and promoting cleaner indoor air.
2. No. 1 Heating Oil (Kerosene)
Kerosene, or No. 1 heating oil, is a lighter and more refined product than No. 2 oil. It has a lower gel point, making it suitable for use in outdoor storage tanks during extremely cold weather. Kerosene burns cleaner than No. 2 oil and produces fewer pollutants, though it is usually more expensive.
Due to its lower viscosity and cleaner burn, kerosene is often used in mobile homes, modular housing, and some space heaters. It is also suitable for use in locations where venting is difficult.
3. Biodiesel Blends (Bioheat Fuel)
Biodiesel blends, commonly marketed under the name Bioheat, are a newer, renewable option made by blending traditional heating oil with biodieselfuel derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils. Bioheat blends range from B5 (5% biodiesel) to B20 (20% biodiesel) or higher.
Bioheat offers significant environmental advantages by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. It is compatible with most existing oil-fired heating systems with little or no modification, making it a convenient and eco-friendly alternative.
4. Diesel Fuel as a Substitute
In emergencies, diesel fuel can be used as a substitute for heating oil. Since No. 2 heating oil and diesel are very similar, diesel is often used when homeowners run out of heating oil and need a temporary replacement. However, this should only be a short-term solution due to cost differences and potential tax issues.
Conclusion
Heating oil comes in several forms, each suited to different needs, climates, and environmental goals. No. 2 heating oil remains the most common for residential use, while No. 1 oil and biodiesel blends offer alternatives with specific benefits. As energy efficiency and sustainability become more important, cleaner-burning and renewable options like Bioheat are expected to play a growing role in the future of home heating. Choosing the right type of heating oil ensures comfort, efficiency, and responsible energy use throughout the colder months.
