Role of Diet and Exercise During and After Breast Cancer Treatment

A holistic approach, incorporating proper nutrition and physical activity, can boost recovery, manage side effects, and improve long-term health.

Understanding the Impact of Breast Cancer Treatment on the Body

Breast cancer treatment can significantly affect the body, especially through side effects such as fatigue, nausea, and muscle weakness.

Common Side Effects Affecting Nutrition and Physical Health

Several side effects can make it challenging to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regimen:

• Fatigue: A common side effect that makes everyday tasks challenging.
  

• Nausea: Often caused by chemotherapy, reducing appetite and food intake.
  

• Weight Changes: Some patients may experience unintentional weight gain or loss.
  

• Muscle Loss and Reduced Stamina: Treatments can lead to muscle weakness and reduced physical endurance.

Why Diet and Exercise Matter During Treatment

During breast cancer treatment, diet and exercise help manage side effects. A balanced diet supports immunity, while physical activity reduces fatigue, improves mood, and helps maintain strength.

• Supporting Immune Function: Nutrient-dense foods enhance immune response, which is crucial for recovery.
  

• Managing Treatment Side Effects: A proper diet can help manage nausea and other symptoms, while exercise combats fatigue and supports emotional well-being.

Dietary Guidelines During Breast Cancer Treatment

A balanced, nutrient-rich diet is crucial during treatment to support the body’s recovery.

Nutritional Needs and Food Choices

During breast cancer treatment, it's essential to focus on a balanced diet that includes:

• Fruits and Vegetables: Packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, they support immune health and reduce inflammation.
  

• Whole Grains: Provide fibre and essential nutrients that aid digestion and overall health.
  

• Lean Proteins: Important for tissue repair, especially after surgery or radiation treatments.

Foods to Avoid or Limit

Some foods can exacerbate side effects or impact recovery:

• Processed Foods: High in unhealthy fats, sodium, and artificial additives, they can contribute to inflammation and digestive issues.
  

• Excessive Sugar: Excess sugar can promote inflammation, weaken the immune system, and lead to weight gain.
  

• Alcohol: Can interfere with treatment effectiveness and negatively affect immune function.

Managing Treatment-Related Eating Challenges

Patients undergoing breast cancer treatment often face eating challenges such as nausea, taste changes, and reduced appetite. To manage these:

• Smaller, More Frequent Meals: This helps cope with nausea and keep energy levels up.
  

• Flavouring Foods: Herbs and spices can enhance the taste of food, making it more palatable when taste changes occur.
  

• Cold Foods: Cold meals may be easier to tolerate if you're experiencing nausea.

Importance of Hydration

Staying hydrated is key during treatment. Drinking water, herbal teas, and broths can help replenish fluids lost through vomiting or diarrhoea and aid in overall health.

Exercise Recommendations During Breast Cancer Treatment

Exercise is an important part of maintaining physical health during breast cancer treatment, despite the challenges it may pose.

Types of Safe and Effective Exercises

When engaging in exercise during treatment, it’s crucial to focus on low-impact activities. These include:

• Walking: A simple, low-impact exercise that improves circulation and reduces fatigue.
  

• Swimming: Gentle on the joints and enhances cardiovascular health.
  

• Strength Training: Light resistance exercises help maintain muscle mass.
  

• Yoga and Stretching: Improve flexibility and relieve stress.

Benefits of Physical Activity During Treatment

Exercise has numerous benefits during breast cancer treatment, including:

• Reducing Fatigue: Regular exercise helps combat fatigue and increases energy levels.
  

• Improving Mood: Physical activity releases endorphins, which help boost mood.
  

• Enhancing Treatment Tolerance: Exercise can improve your body’s ability to tolerate treatment and speed up recovery.
  

Precautions and When to Consult Healthcare Providers

Consult a healthcare provider before starting any exercise routine. It’s important to listen to your body and avoid overexertion to prevent injury.

Diet and Exercise After Breast Cancer Treatment

After treatment, continuing a healthy diet and exercise is essential for long-term recovery and survivorship.

Role in Long-Term Recovery and Survivorship

Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine post-treatment is crucial for:

• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: It is crucial, as obesity increases the risk of cancer recurrence.
  

• Reducing Risk of Recurrence: Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of recurrence, especially in survivors.

Recommended Dietary Patterns for Survivors

After treatment, it’s important to continue eating an anti-inflammatory, nutrient-dense diet. Include:

• Plant-Based Foods: Beans, nuts, and seeds provide fibre and antioxidants.
  

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in foods like salmon and flaxseeds, these have anti-inflammatory properties.

Exercise for Rehabilitation and Wellness

Exercise helps rebuild strength and endurance. Activities such as walking, cycling, and strength training improve physical and mental health, thereby contributing to overall well-being.

Integrating Diet and Exercise Into Your Breast Cancer Treatment Plan

A holistic treatment plan should integrate both diet and exercise, tailored to the individual’s needs and treatment stage.

Working With Nutritionists and Physical Therapists

Nutritionists and physical therapists can create personalised plans that help survivors rebuild strength and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Setting Realistic Goals and Tracking Progress

Gradual improvements in both diet and exercise are key. Set achievable goals, track progress, and make adjustments as needed.

Conclusion

Diet and exercise are crucial for recovery and long-term health in breast cancer patients. A healthy lifestyle enhances recovery, improves quality of life, and reduces recurrence risk. Hospitals like BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital combine care with lifestyle support to boost patients' well-being.