Legal Working Age in Ontario: A Youth Employment Guide

When it comes to joining the workforce in Canada, each province has its own rules regarding age, safety, and employment conditions. One of the most important regulations in the province of Ontario is the legal working age in Ontario, which ensures the safety and well-being of young individuals as they begin their employment journey. Whether you're a student looking for a summer job or a parent wondering when your child can legally work, this guide will help break down what you need to know.

What is the Legal Working Age in Ontario?

In Ontario, the Employment Standards Act (ESA) does not set a minimum age for general employment. However, the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) does establish age limits for specific types of jobs and industries. These laws are in place to ensure that younger workers are not exposed to dangerous environments and have adequate protections in place.

Here’s a general breakdown of the legal age requirements by type of employment:

• 14 years old: May work in offices, stores, arenas, and certain retail environments.

• 15 years old: Can be employed in factory work or at a restaurant kitchen (non-hazardous areas).

• 16 years old: May work in construction or on logging operations with some restrictions.

• 18 years old: Required for jobs that involve working underground in mines or operating heavy machinery.

Jobs Young People Can Work In

While the minimum age varies depending on the industry, many jobs are suitable and safe for younger employees. These include:

• Retail clerk

• Cashier

• Grocery store assistant

• Camp counselor

• Fast food worker

• Tutor or babysitter

• Recreation staff at local community centers

It’s important for employers to ensure that young employees receive the proper orientation and training before they start work. Safety is a top priority, and youth workers should always be supervised appropriately, especially in environments that carry potential risks.

Hours of Work and School Attendance

Even if a young person meets the legal working age in Ontario, their work hours can be restricted if they are still attending school. Under the Education Act, students must attend school until age 18 or until they graduate.

For minors who are still in school:

• They cannot work during school hours unless they are part of a work-study or cooperative education program.

• There are limitations on how many hours they can work per day and per week.

• Night shifts are typically off-limits for younger employees, especially those under 16.

What Employers Should Know

Employers who hire individuals under the age of 18 should be fully informed about their legal obligations. Here are some key responsibilities:

1. Compliance with OHSA: Ensure the working environment is safe and appropriate for a youth worker.

2. Proper Documentation: Maintain records of age verification and training certifications.

3. Limitations on Duties: Do not assign youth workers tasks that involve hazardous equipment or situations.

4. Training & Supervision: Provide proper safety training and regular supervision.

Non-compliance with these regulations can result in serious legal penalties and safety hazards.

Youth Workers’ Rights

It’s also essential for young employees to understand their rights in the workplace. No matter their age, all workers in Ontario are entitled to:

• Minimum wage (subject to youth/student rates)

• A safe work environment

• Breaks and rest periods

• Protection from discrimination and harassment

• Refusal of unsafe work

If any of these rights are violated, young employees have the right to report their concerns to the Ministry of Labour or seek legal advice.

Supporting Youth in Employment

Parents, guardians, and educators play a crucial role in preparing youth for the workforce. Encouraging open dialogue about workplace expectations, time management, and safety can help build confidence and resilience in young workers. Starting early also helps teens develop valuable life skills such as responsibility, communication, and financial literacy.

Conclusion

Understanding the legal working age in Ontario is essential for both employees and employers. These age restrictions and employment guidelines are designed to ensure that young workers are protected, educated, and properly integrated into the workforce. Whether you're a teen looking to gain experience or a business interested in hiring youth workers, being informed is the first step toward a safe and productive work environment.

For more information about employment laws, workplace safety, or legal representation in Ontario, visit Dharsi Law Office. Our team is committed to helping both employers and employees navigate the legal landscape with confidence.