Fuel Types in the UK: A 2025 Overview

The UKs transport sector is going through a major transformation. As the country works to cut carbon emissions and adopt greener practices, the types of fuels used in vehicles are evolving. While traditional fuels like petrol and diesel are still widely used, there is a growing shift toward cleaner and more sustainable alternatives.

Below is a breakdown of the main fuel types currently used in the UK, along with their benefits and drawbacks.

1. Petrol

Petrol (unleaded) is one of the most common fuels used in cars across the UK. Since 2021, the standard petrol available has been E10, which includes up to 10% ethanola biofuel made from renewable sources.

Pros:

• Widely available at filling stations

• Petrol vehicles are usually cheaper to buy

• Good for everyday driving and short trips

Cons:

• Emits CO?, contributing to climate change

• Less fuel-efficient than diesel

• Sale of new petrol cars to end by 2035

2. Diesel

Diesel is often used in larger vehicles such as vans, lorries, and SUVs due to its better fuel economy and performance on longer journeys.

Pros:

• More miles per litre compared to petrol

• Ideal for long-distance driving and heavy vehicles

• Engines tend to last longer

Cons:

• Produces more harmful pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx)

• Affected by clean air zone charges in many cities

• Will also be banned for new vehicles by 2035

3. Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Electric vehicles run entirely on electricity stored in rechargeable batteries. With zero tailpipe emissions, EVs are central to the UKs plans for a cleaner future.

Pros:

• No exhaust emissions

• Lower running and maintenance costs

• Government incentives and tax benefits

Cons:

• Charging takes longer than refuelling

• Charging infrastructure still expanding in some areas

• Higher upfront purchase price (though falling)

4. Plug-in Hybrids (PHEVs)

PHEVs combine a petrol or diesel engine with a battery-powered electric motor. They can be plugged in to charge and used for short trips on electric power alone.

Pros:

• Lower emissions than regular petrol/diesel cars

• Can switch to fuel for longer trips

• Good for drivers not ready to go fully electric

Cons:

• Still dependent on fossil fuels

• Less efficient if not charged often

• Heavier and more complex than standard cars

5. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Hydrogen vehicles use fuel cells to generate electricity from hydrogen gas, emitting only water vapour. While still rare in the UK, they offer a promising future for clean transport.

Pros:

• Zero emissions at the tailpipe

• Fast refuelling time (similar to petrol/diesel)

• Long driving range

Cons:

• Very limited refuelling stations in the UK

• Expensive technology and vehicles

• Hydrogen production can be energy-intensive

Conclusion

From petrol and diesel to electric and hydrogen, the UK offers a growing range of vehicle fuel options. As the 2035 ban on new petrol and diesel cars approaches, electric vehicles are becoming more popular, supported by better infrastructure and financial incentives. Understanding each fuel type helps drivers make informed choices for their travel needs and the environment.